国际化的设计和创新事务所CRA（Carlo Ratti Associati）与Italo Rota合作完成了Greenery，这是一个住宅项目，房屋中央矗立着一棵十米高的大树。多个生活空间围绕树木繁茂的枝叶设置，从地面开始一直延伸到树冠。建筑位于意大利北部的乡村，业主是Mutti的首席执行官Francesco Mutti，该公司为欧洲领先的番茄制品生产商。项目推进CRA的研究，以新的方式将建筑、自然元素和先进的技术手段融合在一起。

International design and innovation office CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati, in collaboration with Italo Rota, unveils the Greenary, a residence that revolves around a ten-meter-tall tree at the center of the house. Multiple living quarters encircle the tree’s leafy branches, all the way up to its top. Located in the Northern Italian countryside, the house was commissioned by Francesco Mutti, CEO of Mutti, the European leading producer of tomato-related products. The project advances CRA’s research into new ways of fusing architecture, natural elements, and advanced technological solutions.

▼室内空间概览，overall view of the interior space ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

项目的前身是一栋位于Parma市郊的传统意大利式农舍，其名Greenary是green和granary的结合，回应了“热爱自然的本性”理念，这是由哈佛大学教授、知名生物学家E.O. Wilson提出的一个假说，他认为人类天生渴望与自然亲近生活。矗立在生活空间中央的无花果树名为Alma，已有60年树龄，是该设计概念最重要的诠释。这棵树属于ficus australis，适应恒温环境，因此十分适合在室内生长。它的近亲ficus religiosa被佛教徒尊为菩提树，悉达多（释迦牟尼本命）便是在此树下开悟；同属树木还有细叶榕，常见于中国南部的公园之中。

Built out of a traditional Italian farmhouse outside the city of Parma, the Greenary (a wordplay of “green-granary”) responds to the idea of biophilia, a scientific hypothesis proposed by noted biologist and Harvard professor E.O. Wilson, which suggests that human beings share an innate desire to live close to nature. This concept is foremost expressed in the 60-year-old ficus tree named Alma standing in the middle of the living space. It belongs to a species called ficus australis that enjoys stable temperatures all year long and is thus well-suited for indoor living conditions. Its close relative ficus religiosa is venerated by Buddhists as the Bodhi tree, under which Siddhartha achieved enlightenment, while ficus microcarpa adorns the ancient parks across Southern China.

▼建筑外观，改造自传统意大利农舍
external view of the residence renovated from traditional Italian farmhouse ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

为了创造让这棵大树茁壮成长的理想环境，CRA对老农舍进行了彻底的翻修，在南侧安装了一面十米高的玻璃墙，最大化自然采光。设计利用技术以及周边区域的微环境控制温度和湿度，使得树木和屋内的居民可以舒适地生活在一起。窗户和屋顶都可以自动开合，以调整进入房屋的阳光和新风量。

To create the ideal setting for the tree to thrive, CRA has completely redesigned the old farmhouse to maximize natural light, installing a ten-meter-tall, south-facing glass wall. The design harnesses technology and the micro-climate of the surrounding area to control the temperature and humidity, so that the tree and the home’s occupants can live together comfortably. Both the windows and the roof can be opened and closed automatically to adjust the amount of sunlight and fresh air entering the house.

▼十米高的玻璃立面为树木带来充足采光
10-meter-high glass facade maximize natural light for the tree ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

Greenary项目中包含七个退台空间，其中三个在入口上方，三个在下方。这些多变的房间相互连接，重新诠释了二十世纪建筑师阿道夫·路斯的Raumplan理念，即将自然放在建筑核心。到达住宅后，居住者和访客可以向上一米进入主要的起居空间和厨房，欣赏室外牧歌般的草场风光。建筑的其他楼层旨在创造一场自然的旅程，以树木作为流线的核心。室内空间中的各个地方都有自然的体现，如土壤一般带有橘皮纹理的地板等。

The Greenary consists of seven terraced spaces, with three among them above the entrance and three below it. These dynamic, interconnected rooms reinterpret 20th-century architect Adolf Loos’ principle of the Raumplan – with nature at its core. Upon arrival, residents and visitors descend one meter to the main living area and the kitchen, which puts them at eye level with the idyllic meadow outside. The other levels of the house were conceived to form a naturally-inspired journey, throughout which the tree serves as a prominent pillar. Nature is also incorporated in other forms throughout the interior space, such as in flooring that incorporates soil and orange peels.

▼抬高一米的起居空间
living space one meter above the entrance ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼室内外界限模糊
blurred boundary between in and out ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

“二十世纪意大利建筑师卡罗·斯卡帕曾经说过：‘在树木和建筑之间，选择树木。’我赞同他的观点，并且认为我们可以更进一步，将二者放在一起。”CRA创始人、麻省理工大学教授Carlo Ratti说道，“CRA的大部分工作都会关注自然和人工的界面。在Greenary项目中，我们尝试设想一种新的、围绕自然建造的室内景观及其韵律。”

“The 20th-century Italian architect Carlo Scarpa once said, ‘Between a tree and a house, choose the tree.’ While I resonate with his sentiment, I think we can go a step further and put the two together,” says Carlo Ratti, founding partner of CRA and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Much of CRA’s work focuses on the intersection between the natural and artificial worlds. With the Greenary, we are trying to imagine a new domestic landscape built around nature and its rhythm.”

▼入口，entrance ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼空间围绕树木布置，space arranged around the tree ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼从起居空间仰望各个退台，look up at the terraced spaces from the living space ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼与树木亲密接触，space close to the tree ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼透过栏杆的缝隙看向树木，view to the tree through the grating ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

“阳光透过镂空的砖墙、锈蚀钢板和楼梯照入室内。借此，光线与建筑的细节混合在一起，形成微妙的阴影。”CRA合伙人Andrea Cassi补充道。

“Light enters the interior space through the pierced brick wall, corten steel stairs and tree branches. By doing so, it also mingles with the architectural details of the house, and leaves subtle shades all around it,” adds Andrea Cassi, partner of CRA.

▼上层室内空间
interior space on the upper floors ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

住宅位于一片超过2.5公顷的基地上。除了主要的居住单元，CRA还将房屋后部的谷仓改造成了一个办公空间。知名景观设计师Paolo Pejrone围绕两栋建筑设计了一片花园，展现了当地的生物多样性。

The house was built on a site that spans over 2.5 hectares. Apart from the main residential unit, CRA also converted a granary at the back of the house into a workspace. Surrounding both buildings, a garden cultivated by renowned landscape designer Paolo Pejrone celebrates the biodiversity of the local region.

▼围绕住宅的景观空间，landscape around the residence ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼自然与动物
nature and animals ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

“在一片没有高山、丘陵或湖泊的平原上，自然通过一天中不断变化的美丽光照实现自身的表达。它为环境增添了一种充满魅力的、近乎电影一般的品质。”Italo Rota Building Office负责人Italo Rota说道，“Greenary项目周边的环境条件为我们的设计提供了灵感，代表了我们在自然和人工元素之间寻求和谐的不同形式之一。”

“In a flat landscape in which there are no mountains, hills, or lakes, but only plains, nature expresses itself through a beautiful light that changes throughout the day. It adds a charming, almost film-like quality to the atmosphere,” says Italo Rota, director of Italo Rota Building Office. “The environmental conditions around the Greenary inspired our design, and this represents one of the different expressions we use to illustrate the harmony between natural and artificial elements.”

住宅是CRA为该区域做的整体规划中得一个完成的建筑。此外，这里还计划建造一座工厂和一栋食堂-餐厅综合体。

The residence represents the first completed component in CRA’s master plan for the area. Other planned buildings include a factory facility and a canteen-restaurant complex.

▼夕阳下的建筑反射在湖面上，building reflected on the lake in the sunset ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta

▼夜晚的住宅，residence in the night ©Delfino Sisto Legnani and Alessandro Saletta